Ngaphantsi kwemeko yobhubhane, kutheni urhwebo kunye namazwe asecaleni kwe "Belt and Road" lukhula ngokuthe ngcembe?

Ngaphantsi kwemeko yobhubhane, kutheni urhwebo kunye namazwe asecaleni kwe "Belt and Road" lukhula ngokuthe ngcembe?

I-2.5 yeetriliyoni zeeyuan kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle nangaphandle, ukwanda ngama-21.4%, okubalelwa kwi-29.5% yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwelizwe lam lulonke kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle-le yimeko yorhwebo phakathi kwelizwe lam namazwe agudle “iBhanti kunye neNdlela” kwikota yokuqala.Ukusukela oko kwathi kwaqhambuka lo bhubhani, eli nani lezinto ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe liye lagcina ukukhula okuthe gqolo.

Kwangaxeshanye nokuchacha okuthe gqolo korhwebo lwangaphandle kwikota yokuqala, ukukhula korhwebo lwelizwe lam kunye namazwe asecaleni kwe “Belt and Road” nako kunyuke kakhulu: ukusuka kukwanda kwe-7.8% kwikota yokuqala yowama-2019 kunye ne-3.2% kwikota yokuqala. ka-2020, ukukhula okungaphezulu kwama-20% namhlanje.

“Ngaphandle kwempembelelo yesiseko esiphantsi sonyaka, ilizwe lam lifikelele kuhlumo oluzinzileyo kurhwebo namazwe akwi-'Belt and Road'."utshilo uZhang Jianping, umlawuli weZiko loPhando lwezoQoqosho loMmandla weSebe loPhando loPhando lwezoRhwebo.Phila utsale.”

Loo mpumelelo ifunyenwe nzima.Ngaphandle kwempembelelo yalo bhubhani, ukukhula korhwebo lwelizwe lam namazwe akufutshane ne-“Belt and Road” akukhange kuthotyelwe.Ngokukodwa kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka uphelileyo, xa ixabiso lelizwe lam lokungeniswa nokuthumela ngaphandle lilonke lehla nge-6.4% unyaka nonyaka, umthamo wokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kweTshayina kunye namazwe asecaleni kwendlela ufikelele kwi-2.07 yetriliyoni yeeyuan, ukwanda nge-3.2% ngonyaka -nyaka, eyipesenti ye-9.6 yamanqaku aphezulu kunezinga lokukhula ngokubanzi.Kunokuthiwa idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni urhwebo lwelizwe lam lwangaphandle.

“Phantsi kwempembelelo yobhubhane kubonelelo lwehlabathi jikelele, urhwebo lwelizwe lam namazwe asecaleni kwe-'Belt kunye neNdlela' lugcine ukukhula oluzinzileyo.Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukwahluka kweemarike zelizwe lam nasekuzinziseni urhwebo olusisiseko lorhwebo lwangaphandle, kwaye kukwanegalelo elibalulekileyo ekubuyiseni urhwebo lwehlabathi.”U-Li Yong, usekela-mlawuli weKomiti yeNgcali ye-China Society for International Trade, uthe.

Phantsi kwemeko yobhubhane, urhwebo lwelizwe lam namazwe agudle “Belt and Road” lugcine ukukhula okuthe chu, kwanokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamanye amazwe.Ingaba ithetha ntoni?

Okokuqala, oku kukubonakalisa ukomelela kunye namandla oqoqosho lwaseTshayina kunye nokubonelela okunamandla kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa.

Ngokwembono yokwakheka kwamanye amazwe kwikota yokuqala, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso zoomatshini nezombane zibalelwe ngaphezulu kwe-60%, kunye neemveliso zoomatshini nezombane, amalaphu, njl.Imveliso nezakhono zokuthumela ngaphandle ezizinzileyo nezizinzileyo azipheleli nje ekubonakaliseni uthintelo nolawulo lobhubhani olusebenzayo lwaseTshayina kunye nokuvuselelwa koqoqosho oluzinzileyo nophuhliso, kodwa lukwasisiqinisekiso semeko engenakubuyiselwa “Yenziwe eTshayina” kurhwebo lwehlabathi.

Okwesibini, oololiwe baseTshayina-Yurophu basebenza ngocwangco ngexesha lo bhubhani, odlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni uzinzo lwekhonkco lonikezelo lweshishini lehlabathi, kubandakanya amazwe asecaleni kwe "Belt and Road".

Ngaphandle kokuhamba kakuhle kwezothutho kunye nempahla, sinokuthetha njani ngorhwebo oluqhelekileyo?Ukuchatshazelwa ngubhubhane, nangona ukuthuthwa kolwandle kunye nomoya kuvaliwe, i-China-Europe Railway Express, eyaziwa ngokuba "yinkamela yentsimbi", isasebenza ngocwangco, isebenza "njengomthambo ophambili" wekhonkco lemizi-mveliso yehlabathi kunye "Umgca wokuphila" obalulekileyo wothintelo kunye nolawulo lobhubhane.

U-Li Kuiwen, isithethi soLawulo Jikelele lweSiko, wachaza ukuba i-China-Europe Railway Express idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwezorhwebo kunye namazwe asendleleni.“Kwikota yokuqala, izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa kwelizwe lam kumazwe asecaleni kwendlela konyuke nge-64% ngoololiwe.”

Idatha ibonisa ukuba kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, oololiwe baseTshayina-Yurophu bavula i-1,941 kwaye bathumela i-TEU ye-174,000, i-15% kunye ne-18% ngonyaka ngokulandelanayo.Ngo-2020, inani loololiwe baseTshayina-Yurophu bafikelela kwi-12,400, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka ngama-50%.Kunokuthiwa ukusebenza ngokucwangcisiweyo kwe-China-Europe express train inikeze isiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokukhula korhwebo phakathi kwelizwe lam kunye namazwe amaninzi ecaleni kwendlela "yeBelt kunye neNdlela".

Kwakhona, ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwelizwe lam lokuvula kunye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwamahlakani ezorhwebo nako kube sisizathu esibalulekileyo sokukhula okuthe gqolo korhwebo lwelizwe lam namazwe asecaleni kwendlela.

Kwikota yokuqala, ilizwe lam lizuze ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumazwe athile asendleleni.Phakathi kwazo, inyuke nge-37.8%, i-28.7%, kunye ne-32.2% yeVietnam, iThailand, ne-Indonesia, kwaye inyuke nge-48.4%, i-37.3%, i-29.5%, kunye ne-41.7% ye-Poland, i-Turkey, i-Israel, ne-Ukraine.

Kuyabonakala ukuba kwizivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla ezili-19 ezisayinwe phakathi kwelizwe lam kunye namazwe angama-26 kunye nemimandla, inxalenye enkulu yamaqabane ayo orhwebo asuka kumazwe asecaleni kwe "Belt and Road".Ngokukodwa, i-ASEAN iphakame yaba liqabane elikhulu lelizwe lam lokurhweba kwelinye lawa kunyaka ophelileyo.Udlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuzinziseni urhwebo lwangaphandle.

“I-China kunye namazwe asecaleni kwe-'Belt and Road' anentsebenziswano ecwangcisiweyo, hayi urhwebo kuphela, kodwa kunye nesixa esikhulu sotyalo-mali lwangaphandle, ikhontrakthi yeprojekthi, njalo njalo, kunye nokubanjwa koMboniso weZizwe ngezizwe, ezi zinempembelelo enamandla urhwebo.”Zhang Jianping Yithi.

Enyanisweni, kule minyaka yakutsha nje, izinga lokukhula korhwebo lwelizwe lam namazwe asecaleni kwendlela liye laphakama ngokubanzi kunenqanaba lilonke lorhwebo, kodwa ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane, izinga lokukhula liye laguquguquka ukusa kumlinganiselo othile.Sijonge phambili kwikamva, uBai Ming, usekela mlawuli weZiko loPhando lweMarike yaMazwe ngaMazwe kwiSebe lezoRhwebo, ukholelwa ukuba ngokulawulwa ngokuthe ngcembe lo bhubhani, ukwanda okuqhubekayo kweTshayina kokuvula, kunye nothotho lwemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo, amathuba okuba intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo phakathi kwelizwe lam kunye namazwe akwi "Belt and Road" iyathembisa.